A HOT AND A COLD OBJECT IN THERMAL CONTACT
1.
Energy is transferred between the objects.
2.
Energy is transferred at a faster rate from the hotter
object to the colder object.
3.
Energy is also transferred from the colder object to
the hotter one, but at a slower rate.
4.
Thus, there is a net flow of energy from the hotter
object to the colder object.
THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
1.
After a while, the two objects have the same
temperature.
2.
Energy is transferred at the same rate between the two
objects.
3.
Thus, there is no net heat transfer between the
objects.
4.
The two objects are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
THE MEANING OF THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
Thermal equilibrium between two objects is a condition where both
objects have the same temperature and there is no net flow of heat between the
two objects.
LIQUID-IN-GLASS THERMOMETER
DESIGN OF LIQUID-IN-GLASS THERMOMETER
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CHARACTERISTICS
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EXPLANATION
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a
glass bulb with thinner wall
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heat
can be transferred to the mercury faster
|
|
narrower
capillary tube
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increase
the sensitivity of the thermometer by producing a longer mercury column
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wall
of capillary tube is made of glass
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glass
is a good insulator
|
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mercury
is used
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§ expands and
contracts rapidly and uniformly
§ does not
stick to the glass wall of capillary tube
§ opaque and
can be easily seen
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